Top 30 MCQ on TMV, Prions, and Viroids along with their answers:

Top 30 MCQ on TMV, Prions, and Viroids along with their answers:

Which type of pathogen is Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)?

a) Bacterium

b) Fungus

c) Virus

d) Viroid

Answer: c) Virus

TMV primarily affects which type of plant?

a) Tobacco

b) Corn

c) Wheat

d) Roses

Answer: a) Tobacco

What is the shape of TMV particles?

a) Spherical

b) Rod-shaped

c) Spiral

d) Cuboidal

Answer: b) Rod-shaped

TMV infects plants through which part of the plant?

a) Leaves

b) Roots

c) Stems

d) Flowers

Answer: a) Leaves

The genetic material of TMV is composed of:

a) DNA

b) RNA

c) Both DNA and RNA

d) Proteins

Answer: b) RNA

TMV particles are primarily composed of:

a) Carbohydrates

b) Lipids

c) Proteins

d) Nucleic acids

Answer: c) Proteins

TMV can be transmitted through:

a) Air

b) Soil

c) Water

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is a symptom of TMV infection in plants?

a) Mosaic patterns on leaves

b) Wilting

c) Root rot

d) Yellowing of flowers

Answer: a) Mosaic patterns on leaves

How does TMV move within an infected plant?

a) Through the xylem

b) Through the phloem

c) By secreting enzymes

d) Through the stomata

Answer: b) Through the phloem

TMV can survive in dried plant material for how long?

a) Several hours

b) Several days

c) Several weeks

d) Several months

Answer: d) Several months

What is the mode of transmission of TMV between plants?

a) Insects

b) Seeds

c) Water

d) Mechanical contact

Answer: d) Mechanical contact

Prions are infectious agents primarily associated with which type of disease?

a) Bacterial infections

b) Viral infections

c) Fungal infections

d) Neurodegenerative diseases

Answer: d) Neurodegenerative diseases

Prions are composed primarily of:

a) DNA

b) RNA

c) Proteins

d) Lipids

Answer: c) Proteins

Which protein is the main component of prions?

a) Amyloid-beta

b) Tau protein

c) Prion protein (PrP)

d) Hemoglobin

Answer: c) Prion protein (PrP)

Prions are unique because they can:

a) Replicate like viruses

b) Alter the structure of normal proteins

c) Multiply within host cells

d) Infect only animals

Answer: b) Alter the structure of normal proteins

Which of the following diseases is caused by prions?

a) Alzheimer's disease

b) Parkinson's disease

c) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

d) Influenza

Answer: c) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

The conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrP^C) into its abnormal form (PrP^Sc) is characterized by:

a) Accumulation of plaques

b) Formation of tangles

c) Aggregation of misfolded proteins

d) Loss of neuronal function

Answer: c) Aggregation of misfolded proteins

Prions can be transmitted through:

a) Airborne particles

b) Ingestion of contaminated tissue

c) Blood transfusion

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Viroids are unique infectious agents because they lack:

a) Proteins

b) Nucleic acids

c) Envelopes

d) Replication mechanisms

Answer: a) Proteins

Viroids are composed of:

a) Single-stranded RNA

b) Double-stranded DNA

c) Single-stranded DNA

d) Lipids

Answer: a) Single-stranded RNA

The first viroid to be discovered was associated with which plant disease?

a) Citrus exocortis

b) Potato spindle tuber

c) Tomato spotted wilt

d) Rice yellow mottle

Answer: a) Citrus exocortis

Viroids primarily infect:

a) Animals

b) Bacteria

c) Plants

d) Fungi

Answer: c) Plants

Viroids can be transmitted through:

a) Insects

b) Seeds

c) Soil

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of viroid infection in plants?

a) Leaf curling

b) Root rot

c) Stem elongation

d) Flower discoloration

Answer: a) Leaf curling

The replication of viroids occurs in the:

a) Nucleus

b) Cytoplasm

c) Cell membrane

d) Chloroplasts

Answer: b) Cytoplasm

Which of the following is a well-known viroid disease in tomato plants?

a) Potato spindle tuber

b) Coconut cadang-cadang

c) Chrysanthemum stunt

d) Tomato bunchy top

Answer: d) Tomato bunchy top

The genetic information of viroids is typically encoded in:

a) Genes

b) Chromosomes

c) Exons

d) Circular RNA molecules

Answer: d) Circular RNA molecules

The discovery of prions challenged the central dogma of molecular biology because prions:

a) Can replicate without genetic material

b) Can replicate without proteins

c) Can replicate in the absence of enzymes

d) Can replicate in the absence of host cells

Answer: a) Can replicate without genetic material

TMV is named after its initial discovery in which plant species?

a) Tobacco

b) Tomato

c) Tulip

d) Turnip

Answer: a) Tobacco

Which of the following is NOT a control measure for managing TMV?

a) Planting resistant cultivars

b) Sanitizing tools and equipment

c) Controlling insect vectors

d) Applying chemical pesticides indiscriminately