1. MICROBIOLOGY
• History of microbiology, microbial growth, isolation.
• Bacteria – General characteristic ( Cell structure,cell wall, flagellation)
Staining technique ( Gram positive and gram negative bacteria) ,
Classification (Archebacteria, Eubacteria, Cyanobacteria)
Reproduction -Vegetative , Asexual and Sexual ( conjugation,
transformation and transduction ) , Economic importance of Bacteria
• Viruses – Discovery , General characteristic ( Structure , Genetic
material) , Bacteriophase : Structure and replication ( Lytic and
Lysogenic ), TMV : Structure and reproduction , Prion and Viroids
2. DIVERSITY OF LOWER PLANT ( CRYPTOGAMES)
• Algae – General Characteristic , habitat , range of thallus structure ,
classification , Life cycle of Chlamydomonas , Volvox , Oedogonium ,
Coleochaete, Chara , Vaucheria , Ectocarpus, Fucus , Polysiphonia
and Batrachospermum , Economic importance of Algae
• Fungi – General Characteristic , Nutrition , Classification , Details life
cycle of Rhizophus , Saccharomyces ( Yeast) , Asperigillus ,
Penicillium, Neurospora , Puccinia ( details spore stages ) ,Agaricus ,
Phytopthora , Albugo , Parasexuality , Heterothallism , Economic
importance of Fungi
• Phytopathology : Diseases caused by Bacteria, Virus and Fungi
• Lichen and Mycorrhiza
• Bryophyte – General characteristics , Classification , Life cycle of Riccia,
Marchantia , Anthocerous and Funaria , Evolution of Sporophyte
• Pteridophyte – General Characteristic, Stellar evolution , heterospory
and seed habit , Telome theory , Classification, Life cycle of Psilotum ,
Selaginella, Equisetum , Marsilea and Pteris
• Paleobotany : Fossils and types of fossilization , Geographical
timescale
3. DIVERSITY OF HIGHER PLANTS ( PHANEROGAMS)
• Gymnosperm – General Characteristics , Classification ( upto family) ,
Life cycle ( Morphology , anatomy and reproduction ) of Cycas , Pinus ,
Ginko and Gnetum , Economic Importance of Gymnosperm
• Angiosperm – Details morphology of Angiosperm ( Root , Stem , Leaf ,
Inflorescence , Flower , Fruit )
4. TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERM (PLANY SYSTEMATICS )
• Plant identification – Herbarium , Botanical garden , Taxonomic key
• Plant nomenclature – ICBN and its principles
• Plant classification – Taxonomic Heirarchy , Different Systems of
classification ( Linnaeus , Benthem and Hooker, Huchinson , Engler a nd
Prantl , APG )
• Description of importance plant families (Only importance characters)
5. PLANT ANATOMY
• Tissue and types of tisuues ( meristematic and permanent), Tissues
system ( Epidermal , Ground and Vascular ).
• T.S of Dicot and Monocot Root, stem and Leaf
• Seconadry growth in dicot plant
• Anamolous secondary growth
6. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERM ( EMBRYOLOGY )
• Structure related to male and female reproductive system ,
Development of male gamete and related structure , Development of
female gemete and related structure
• Pollination and its type , Agents of Pollination
• Double fertilization , pollen-pistil interaction , Self incompatibility ,
• Development of Embryo , Development of Endosperm , development of
seed and development of fruits
• Dispersal Mechanism of seed
• Special methos of reproduction : apomixis , parthenogenesis ,
parthenocarpy , polyembryony , grafting
7. ECONOMIC BOTANY
• Boanical name, family and parts used of some economically important
plant
• Processing and extraction of tobacco , tea , cotton and sugar cane
8. GENETICS
• Premendelian genetics , Mendelian genetics and Post mendelian
genetics ( Incomplete dominance , codominance , multiple allelism ,
polygenic inheritqnce , pleiotropy and gene interaction )
• Linkage , Crossing over
• Extrachromosomal Inheritance
• Gene Mutation and its types
• Population genetics
9. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
• Experiments related to proof DNA as genetic material
• Structure of Chromosome
• Structure of DNA and DNA replication
• Central Dogma and Transciption , Split gene concepts , Post
transcriptional modifications
• Translation in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
• Operon concepts and regulation of gene expression
10. CELL BIOLOGY
• Discovery, Cell theory , Detail structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cell , Membrane transport
• Cell Division ( Mitosis and Meiosis )
• Cell cycle and its control
• Cell Signaling ( basic only )
11. Biochemistry
• Carbohydrate – Monosachharide , Oligosaccharide and
Polysachharide : Structure and Function
• Protein – Amino Acids , Primary , secondary and tertiary structure of
protein
• Lipid – types and Function
• Enzyme – General characters , Enzyme Action
• Thermodynamics and its law
12. ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
• Concepts of Ecology , Ecosystem and its components
• Function of Ecosystem : Tropic level , food chain , Food web ,
Ecological pyramid , Energy flow , Productivity and biogeochemical
cycle
• Population and Population interaction
• Ecological sucession
• Biodiversity – concepts and type , Conservation ( Insitu and exsitu ) ,
IUCN and RED data bbok
• Environmental Pollution and Control
13. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
• Nutrition – Micro and macronutrients and its defficency syndrome
• Plant and Water – Absoption of water ( apoplast and Symplast)
• Transpiration – Mechanism of opening and closing of stomata , types
of transpiration , factor affecting transpiration
• Photosynthesis – Pigment system , Light reaction , Dark reaction
( C3 , C4 , CAM pathway ) , Photorespiration , factors affecting
photosynthesis
• Respiration – Mechanism ( Glycolysis , Krebs cycle and ETS ) , RQ ,
Factors affecting respiration
• Nitrogen fixation ( Physical and Biological )
• Lipid metabolism
• Plant growth and Development – Photoperiodism , Vernalisation ,
Phototropism , Plant movement , Phytohormones and its role
14. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
15. ADVANCE TOPICS
• Biostatistics
• Microscopy : magnification , Compound microscope , Electron
Microscope ( SEM and TEM)
• Biomolecule labelling technique ( DNA and Protein )
• Electrophoresis : Gel Electrophoresis , PAGE , SDS PAGE
• Centrifugation : Principles and types of Centrifuge
• Spectrophotometry : Principles and Types
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