Microscopy
What is the study of objects using a microscope called?
Microscopy.
What is the process of making an object appear larger called?
Magnification.
What type of microscope uses light to illuminate the specimen?
Compound.
What type of microscope uses electrons instead of light?
Electron.
What does SEM stand for?
Scanning Electron Microscope.
What technique is used to label DNA molecules?
Staining.
What technique is used to label proteins with specific antibodies?
Immunolabeling.
What is the process of attaching a fluorescent dye to a biomolecule called? Fluorescence tagging.
What is the technique called that uses radioactive labels to detect biomolecules? Radioisotope labeling.
What method is used to introduce a specific tag into a biomolecule?
Genetic engineering?
Electrophoresis:
What technique is used to separate biomolecules based on their size and charge?
Electrophoresis.
What does SDS PAGE stand for?
Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
What is the name of the gel matrix used in electrophoresis?
Agarose.
What is the process of separating DNA fragments called?
Gel electrophoresis.
What is the technique called that separates proteins in a gel matrix?
Protein electrophoresis.
Centrifugation:
What is the process of separating particles based on their density using centrifugal force called?
Centrifugation.
What is the name of the device used for centrifugation?
Centrifuge.
What type of centrifuge is used for high-speed separations?
Ultracentrifuge.
What is the principle behind centrifugation? Sedimentation.
What is the technique used to separate cellular components based on their size and density?
Density gradient centrifugation.
Spectrophotometry:
What is the technique used to measure the amount of light absorbed or transmitted by a substance?
Spectrophotometry.
What is the principle behind spectrophotometry?
Absorption.
What does UV-Vis stand for?
Ultraviolet-Visible.
What type of spectrophotometer measures absorbance in the ultraviolet range?
UV spectrophotometer.
What is the technique called that measures the absorbance of light at multiple wavelengths?
Spectrum scanning.
Microscopy:
What is the lens closest to the specimen called?
Objective.
What type of microscope provides a three-dimensional view of the specimen? Confocal.
What type of microscope uses polarized light to enhance contrast?
Polarizing.
What type of microscope uses a laser beam to scan the specimen?
Laser scanning.
What does AFM stand for?
Atomic force microscopy.
Biomolecule Labelling Technique:
What is the technique called that uses fluorescent tags to label proteins? Fluorescent labeling.
What is the process of introducing labeled nucleotides into DNA called?
Nucleotide incorporation.
What technique is used to detect protein-protein interactions?
Co-immunoprecipitation.
What is the process of attaching a chemical tag to proteins called?
Chemical labeling.
What technique is used to visualize the location of specific RNA molecules in cells? RNA in situ hybridization.
Electrophoresis:
What is the technique called that separates biomolecules based on their charge?
Ion electrophoresis.
What type of gel electrophoresis is used for separating proteins by size?
Native PAGE.
What is the process of separating RNA molecules based on their size called?
RNA gel electrophoresis.
What is the technique called that separates DNA fragments by their mobility in a gel matrix?
Agarose gel electrophoresis.
What is the process of separating proteins based on their isoelectric point called? Isoelectric focusing.
Centrifugation:
What is the type of centrifugation used to separate cellular components called? Differential centrifugation.
What is the technique called that separates particles based on their buoyant density? Density gradient centrifugation.
What type of centrifuge uses a fixed-angle rotor?
Fixed-angle centrifuge.
What is the process of separating particles based on their shape and size called? Sieving centrifugation.
What is the technique called that separates particles based on their sedimentation rate? Rate-zonal centrifugation.
Spectrophotometry:
What type of spectrophotometer measures absorbance at specific wavelengths?
Single-wavelength.
What is the technique called that measures the amount of light scattered by particles? Light scattering.
What does A280 measure?
Absorbance at 280 nm for proteins.
What is the technique called that measures the absorbance of specific ions?
Ion-selective spectrophotometry.
What type of spectrophotometer measures absorbance in the infrared range?
IR spectrophotometer.
Microscopy:
What is the part of the microscope where the eyepiece is located called?
Ocular.
What is the lens system that further magnifies the primary image in a compound microscope called?
Eyepiece.
What type of microscope is used to observe living cells in real-time?
Live-cell.
What technique is used to enhance the contrast of a specimen without staining? Phase contrast.
What is the part of the microscope that controls the amount of light passing through the specimen called?
Diaphragm.
Biomolecule Labelling Technique:
What is the process of introducing a radioactive label into a biomolecule called? Radiolabeling.
What technique is used to detect specific DNA sequences through complementary base pairing?
DNA hybridization.
What is the method called that utilizes gold nanoparticles to label biomolecules?
Gold labeling.
What technique is used to visualize the spatial distribution of RNA molecules? Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
What is the process of tagging proteins with a small molecule called?
Chemical conjugation.
Electrophoresis:
What is the technique called that separates biomolecules based on their charge and size simultaneously?
Two-dimensional electrophoresis.
What type of gel electrophoresis is used for separating RNA molecules?
Denaturing gel electrophoresis.
What is the process of separating proteins based on their native conformation called? Native gel electrophoresis.
What technique is used to analyze the sizes of DNA fragments?
DNA sizing.
What is the process of separating proteins based on their net charge called?
Isoelectric focusing.
Centrifugation:
What is the type of centrifugation used to separate particles based on their size and shape?
Analytical centrifugation.
What is the technique called that separates particles based on their sedimentation coefficient?
Ultracentrifugation.
What type of centrifuge rotor is commonly used for pelleting cells?
Fixed-angle rotor.
What is the process of separating particles based on their mass and density called? Density gradient centrifugation.
What is the technique used to separate subcellular organelles?
Subcellular fractionation.
Spectrophotometry:
What is the process of measuring the absorbance of a blank sample without the analyte called?
Blank correction.
What technique is used to measure the rotation of polarized light by chiral molecules?
Optical rotation.
What is the part of the spectrophotometer that selects the wavelength of light? Monochromator.
What does IR stand for in IR spectrophotometry? Infrared.
What is the technique called that measures the interaction between light and the surface of a material?
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
Microscopy:
What type of microscope uses a laser beam to scan the specimen and generate a 3D image?
Confocal.
What is the technique called that uses fluorescent proteins to label specific cellular structures?
Fluorescence tagging.
What is the part of the microscope that holds and positions the specimen?
Stage.
What type of microscope uses a thin needle to probe the surface of a sample?
Atomic force microscope (AFM).
What is the process of capturing a series of images at different focal planes and combining them into one in-focus image called?
Z-stack.
Biomolecule Labelling Technique:
What technique is used to label proteins with biotin for detection purposes? Biotinylation.
What is the process of attaching a fluorescent tag to DNA called?
DNA labeling.
What is the technique called that uses chemical cross-linking to identify protein-protein interactions?
Cross-linking.
What is the method of labeling proteins with radioactive isotopes called?
Radioactive labeling.
What technique is used to detect the presence of specific DNA sequences using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
DNA amplification.
Electrophoresis:
What is the technique called that separates biomolecules based on their charge and size using a gel matrix?
Gel electrophoresis.
What is the process of separating DNA fragments based on their length and sequence?
DNA sequencing.
What is the method of analyzing protein-protein interactions based on their ability to reconstitute a functional enzyme?
Enzyme complementation.
What is the technique called that separates proteins based on their charge in a pH gradient?
Isoelectric focusing.
What is the process of separating proteins based on their molecular weight using SDS-PAGE?
Size exclusion.
Centrifugation:
What is the type of centrifugation used to separate molecules based on their buoyant density?
Density gradient.
What is the technique called that separates particles based on their sedimentation rate and shape?
Differential centrifugation.
What is the process of separating subcellular components by their size using a series of centrifugation steps?
Fractionation.
What is the method of separating particles based on their velocity in a rotating field? Velocity sedimentation.
What type of centrifuge rotor is used for pelleting small volumes of liquid?
Swinging bucket rotor.
Spectrophotometry:
What is the technique called that measures the absorbance of light at a single wavelength?
Single-wavelength.
What is the process of quantifying the concentration of a substance using a calibration curve?
Standard curve.
What is the part of the spectrophotometer that detects the intensity of transmitted or absorbed light?
Detector.
What is the technique called that measures the absorption of light by a sample at multiple wavelengths?
Absorption spectrum.
What is the method of measuring the fluorescence emitted by a sample upon excitation with light called?
Fluorescence spectroscopy.
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