Important questions on plant tissue culture of B.Sc Botany for 6th semester
1. What is plant tissue culture?
Answer- Plant tissue culture is a technique of growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in vitro.2. What is the importance of plant tissue culture?
Answer- Plant tissue culture is important for plant propagation, genetic modification, and production of secondary metabolites.
3. Who developed the concept of plant tissue culture?
Answer- The concept of plant tissue culture was developed by German botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902.
4. What are the aseptic techniques used in plant tissue culture?
Answer- Aseptic techniques include sterilization of culture vessels, media, and tools, working in a laminar flow hood, and wearing gloves.
5. What is the purpose of sterilizing culture vessels and media?
Answer- Sterilization is important to prevent contamination from microorganisms and fungi that can grow in the culture medium.
6. What is a laminar flow hood?
Answer- A laminar flow hood is a sterile environment that provides a continuous flow of filtered air to prevent contamination.
7. What are the components of plant tissue culture media?
Answer- Plant tissue culture media contain a carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salts, vitamins, and growth regulators.
8. What is the role of carbon sources in plant tissue culture media?
Answer- Carbon sources provide energy for plant growth and development.
9. What is the role of nitrogen sources in plant tissue culture media?
Answer- Nitrogen sources provide amino acids and proteins necessary for plant growth.
10. What are the inorganic salts in plant tissue culture media?
Answer- Inorganic salts provide essential minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium.
11. What are the vitamins in plant tissue culture media?
Answer- Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for plant growth and development.
12. What are the growth regulators in plant tissue culture media?
Answer- Growth regulators include auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins that regulate plant growth and development.
13. What is the role of auxins in plant tissue culture?
Answer- Auxins promote cell elongation, root formation, and differentiation of vascular tissue.
14. What is the role of cytokinins in plant tissue culture?
Answer- Cytokinins promote cell division, shoot formation, and delay senescence.
15. What is the role of gibberellins in plant tissue culture?
Answer- Gibberellins promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering.
16. What are the types of plant tissue culture?
Answer- The types of plant tissue culture include micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, and organogenesis.
17. What is micropropagation?
Answer- Micropropagation is the propagation of plants through the culture of small pieces of explants in vitro.
18. What is somatic embryogenesis?
Answer- Somatic embryogenesis is the formation of embryos from somatic cells without fertilization.
19. What is organogenesis?
Answer- Organogenesis is the formation of organs from plant tissues such as roots, shoots, and leaves.
20. What are the advantages of plant tissue culture?
Answer- Advantages of plant tissue culture include rapid multiplication of plants, disease-free plants, and genetic modification.
21. What is the purpose of subculturing in plant tissue culture?
A: Subculturing is the process of transferring plant tissue cultures to fresh media to promote continued growth.
22. What is callus culture?
A: Callus culture is the cultivation of undifferentiated mass of cells, usually derived from plant explants.
23. What is the role of antioxidants in plant tissue culture media?
A: Antioxidants in plant tissue culture media protect the cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species.
24. What is cryopreservation in plant tissue culture?
A: Cryopreservation is the preservation of plant tissues or cells in liquid nitrogen at -196°C for long-term storage.
25. What is hairy root culture?
A: Hairy root culture is the culture of plant roots infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, which induces the formation of hairy roots.
26. What is genetic transformation in plant tissue culture?
A: Genetic transformation is the transfer of foreign DNA into plant cells, resulting in the production of genetically modified plants.
27. What is the role of pH in plant tissue culture media?
A: pH affects the solubility and availability of nutrients in plant tissue culture media and should be maintained at a specific range for optimal growth.
28. What is the difference between a totipotent and a pluripotent cell?
A: A totipotent cell can differentiate into any cell type, while a pluripotent cell can differentiate into multiple but not all cell types.
29. What are the disadvantages of using plant tissue culture?
A: Disadvantages of plant tissue culture include genetic instability, somaclonal variation, and high cost of equipment and materials.
30. What is plant regeneration?
A: Plant regeneration is the process of inducing the development of new plants from plant tissues or cells.
31. What is plant acclimatization?
A: Plant acclimatization is the process of adapting plant tissue cultures to the external environment before being transferred to soil.
32. What are the challenges in scaling up plant tissue culture for commercial production?
A: Challenges in scaling up plant tissue culture for commercial production include standardization of protocols, high cost, and high failure rates.
33. What is the role of light in plant tissue culture?
A: Light is important for plant tissue culture, as it is necessary for photosynthesis and can also affect plant growth and development.
34. What is somaclonal variation?
A: Somaclonal variation refers to genetic variation that arises from the culture of plant tissues or cells in vitro.
35. What is the role of mycorrhizae in plant tissue culture?
A: Mycorrhizae are fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots and can enhance nutrient uptake and plant growth.
36. What is the difference between a meristem and a callus?
A: A meristem is a region of actively dividing cells that gives rise to new tissues, while a callus is an undifferentiated mass of cells.
37. What is a bioreactor and how is it used in plant tissue culture?
A: A bioreactor is a device used for large-scale culture of plant cells or tissues and provides a controlled environment for optimal growth.
38. What is the role of polyamines in plant tissue culture?
A: Polyamines are organic compounds that play a role in cell division, differentiation, and stress response in plant tissue culture.
39. What are the advantages of using plant tissue culture?
A: Advantages of plant tissue culture include the ability to produce large numbers of identical plants, the production of disease-free plants, and the ability to produce plants with desired traits.
40. What is the role of cytokinins in plant tissue culture?
A: Cytokinins are plant hormones that promote cell division and are important for the development of shoot tissue in plant tissue culture.
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