1. What is micropropagation?
A- Micropropagation is a technique for mass-producing plants in tissue culture to produce genetically identical plants.
2. What is androgenesis?
A- Androgenesis is a technique for producing haploid plants by inducing the formation of embryos from male gametes.
3. What is virus elimination in tissue culture?
A- Virus elimination is the removal of viruses from plant tissues by culturing them in virus-free conditions or through chemical treatments.
4. What is secondary metabolite production in tissue culture?
A- Secondary metabolite production is the production of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids in plant tissue cultures.
5. What are haploids?
A- Haploids are plants with a single set of chromosomes instead of the normal two sets. They can be produced by tissue culture techniques.
6. What are triploids?
A- Triploids are plants with three sets of chromosomes instead of the normal two sets. They can also be produced by tissue culture techniques.
7. What are hybrids in tissue culture?
A- Hybrids in tissue culture are plants produced by combining the genetic material of two or more different plant species or cultivars.
8. What is cryopreservation in tissue culture?
A- Cryopreservation is the preservation of plant tissues or organs in liquid nitrogen at extremely low temperatures to maintain their viability and genetic integrity.
9. What is germplasm conservation?
A- Germplasm conservation is the preservation of genetic diversity in plants for future generations by storing seeds, tissues, or organs in gene banks.
10. What are the advantages of tissue culture?
Tissue culture offers rapid propagation, disease-free plants, genetic uniformity, and production of secondary metabolites in plants.
11. What are the limitations of tissue culture?
The limitations of tissue culture include high initial costs, the risk of genetic variation, and the need for specialized skills and facilities.
12. What is the role of tissue culture in agriculture?
Tissue culture has revolutionized plant breeding and agriculture by enabling rapid and efficient multiplication of elite plant varieties, propagation of plants with desirable traits and development of new varieties.
13 How is tissue culture used in forestry?
Tissue culture is used in forestry to produce large numbers of seedlings for reforestation, and for the conservation of rare and endangered species.
14. How is tissue culture used in horticulture?
Tissue culture is used in horticulture for the mass production of ornamental plants, production of disease-free plants and for the conservation of rare and endangered species.
15. What is the significance of androgenesis in plant breeding?
Androgenesis is important in plant breeding as it allows the production of haploid plants that can be used for producing homozygous lines.
16. What is the significance of triploids in plant breeding?
Triploids are significant in plant breeding as they are often sterile and can be used to produce seedless fruits and vegetables.
17. How is tissue culture used in genetic engineering?
A- Tissue culture is used in genetic engineering to produce transgenic plants by introducing foreign genes into plant cells and regenerating whole plants from these transformed cells.
18. How is tissue culture used in plant disease diagnosis?
A- Tissue culture can be used for plant disease diagnosis by culturing plant tissues in media containing specific nutrients and observing the growth or changes in the cultures.
19. What is the future of tissue culture in agriculture?
A- The future of tissue culture in agriculture is promising, with potential applications in the production of biofuels, improved crop varieties, and the conservation of endangered species.
20. What is somatic embryogenesis in tissue culture?
A- Somatic embryogenesis is a process where somatic cells are induced to form embryos in vitro. It is a useful tool for plant propagation and genetic engineering.
21. How is tissue culture used for plant breeding?
A- Tissue culture is used in plant breeding to produce genetically uniform plants, induce genetic variation, and develop new plant varieties with desirable traits.
22. What is cryopreservation in tissue culture?
A- Cryopreservation is important in tissue culture as it allows for the long-term storage of plant germplasm for conservation and breeding purposes.
23. What are the challenges of tissue culture?
A- The challenges of tissue culture include genetic instability, contamination, and somaclonal variation.
24. What is the significance of secondary metabolites produced in tissue culture?
A- Secondary metabolites produced in tissue culture are of significant importance as they have commercial and medicinal applications, such as the production of drugs, flavors, and fragrances.
25. How is tissue culture used in plant disease resistance?
A- Tissue culture can be used to develop disease-resistant plants by inducing genetic variation and selecting for resistance traits in vitro.
26. What is the role of tissue culture in plant biotechnology?
A- Tissue culture is a crucial tool in plant biotechnology for producing genetically modified plants, developing new plant varieties, and preserving plant germplasm.
27. How does haploid production contribute to plant breeding?
A- Haploid production in tissue culture contributes to plant breeding by allowing for the production of homozygous plants and the induction of genetic variation.
28. How is tissue culture used in the conservation of rare and endangered species?
A- Tissue culture is used in the conservation of rare and endangered species by preserving their germplasm in gene banks and propagating them in vitro.
29. What is the impact of tissue culture on sustainable agriculture?
Tissue culture has a significant impact on sustainable agriculture by enabling the production of high-quality, disease-free plants, increasing crop yields, and conserving plant diversity.
30. What is difference between triploid and hybrid plants?
A- Triploid plants have 3 sets of chromosomes, while hybrid plants are the result of crossing two genetically different plants. Triploids are mainly sterile, while hybrids are usually fertile and can produce desirable traits.
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